Synthesis of functionalized analogs of pyochelin, a siderophore of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Burkholderia cepacia

Using an improved synthesis of pyochelin, a siderophore common to several pathogenic Pseudomonas species, three functionalized pyochelin analogs were efficiently synthesized starting from appropriate 2-hydroxybenzonitriles.     

Employment of 4-(1-imidazolyl)phenol as a luminol signal enhancer in a competitive-type chemiluminescence immunoassay and its comparison with the conventional antigen-horseradish peroxidase conjugate-based assay

This study describes the employment of a novel imidazole-substituted phenol [4-(1-imidazolyl)phenol] as a highly potent signal enhancer in a horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-luminol chemiluminescence (CL) immunoassay. This competitive-type immunoassay for the model antigen fentanyl is based on the use of fentanyl polyclonal antibody immobilized on white microtiter plates and a biotinylated bovine serum albumin (BSA)-fentanyl derivative as a tracer. The latter was detected by means of streptavidin labeled with HRP, resulting in the generation of a high-intensity and relatively stable chemiluminescent signal, immediately after the addition of the substrate solution (NOAS). The developed method fulfilled the requirements of accuracy (percentage recovery ranged from 93.8 to 107%) and precision (intra- and inter-assay CVs were 2.5-5.2 and 4.5-11.9%, respectively). Its plasma detection limit (1.05 pg ml⁻¹) was lower than those of previous immunoassays. The novel assay was compared in terms of sensitivity and concentration range with other common HRP substrate systems: luminol-p-iodophenol-H₂O₂ and TMB-H₂O₂. Finally, the described method was compared with an HRP-fentanyl conjugate-based assay, similar to commercially available kits (SKIT), employing the novel substrate solution for both assays and the differences observed were explained by applying previously described models. The detection limit was 4.82 pg ml⁻¹ for SKIT, recovery values were 94.2-105% and intra- and inter-assay CVs were 2.5-5.2 and 4.5-11.9%, respectively. In conclusion, the proposed assay could be utilized for a wide range of molecules and replace the existing enzyme-labeled antigen-based kits.     

An expedient preparation of Stryker's reagent

A convenient and efficient preparation of Stryker's reagent, [Ph₃PCuH]₆, under homogeneous conditions using silanes as the reducing agent is detailed. The reaction time can be reduced to 1-2 h, and high yields of Stryker's reagent can be routinely achieved. The same method has been extended to the synthesis of [Ph₃PCuD]₆ using Ph₂SiD₂.     

修正PRP共轭梯度方法求解无约束最优化问题

基于著名的PRP共轭梯度方法,利用CG_DESCENT共轭梯度方法的结构,本文提出了一种求解大规模无约束最优化问题的修正PRP共轭梯度方法。该方法在每一步迭代中均能够产生一个充分下降的搜索方向,且独立于任何线搜索条件。在标准Wolfe线搜索条件下,证明了修正PRP共轭梯度方法的全局收敛性和线性收敛速度。数值结果展示了修正PRP方法对给定的测试问题是非常有效的。     

Batalin–Vilkovisky algebra structures on Hochschild cohomology of generalized Weyl algebras

We devote to the calculation of Batalin–Vilkovisky algebra structures on the Hochschild cohomology of skew Calabi–Yau generalized Weyl algebras. We first establish a Van den Bergh duality at the level of complex. Then based on the results of Solotar et al., we apply Kowalzig and Krähmer's method to the Hochschild homology of generalized Weyl algebras, and translate the homological information into cohomological one by virtue of the Van den Bergh duality, obtaining the desired Batalin–Vilkovisky algebra structures. Finally, we apply our results to quantum weighted projective lines and Podleś quantum spheres, and the Batalin–Vilkovisky algebra structures for them are described completely.     

Fastiterative methods for least squares estimations

Least squares estimations have been used extensively in many applications, e.g. system identification and signal prediction. When the stochastic process is stationary, the least squares estimators can be found by solving a Toeplitz or near-Toeplitz matrix system depending on the knowledge of the data statistics. In this paper, we employ the preconditioned conjugate gradient method with circulant preconditioners to solve such systems. Our proposed circulant preconditioners are derived from the spectral property of the given stationary process. In the case where the spectral density functions() of the process is known, we prove that ifs() is a positive continuous function, then the spectrum of the preconditioned system will be clustered around 1 and the method converges superlinearly. However, if the statistics of the process is unknown, then we prove that with probability 1, the spectrum of the preconditioned system is still clustered around 1 provided that large data samples are taken. For finite impulse response (FIR) system identification problems, our numerical results show that annth order least squares estimator can usually be obtained inO(n logn) operations whenO(n) data samples are used. Finally, we remark that our algorithm can be modified to suit the applications of recursive least squares computations with the proper use of sliding window method arising in signal processing applications.Research supported in part by HKRGC grant no. 221600070, ONR contract no. N00014-90-J-1695 and DOE grant no. DE-FG03-87ER25037.     

Fractional Power Series and Pairings on Drinfeld Modules

Let be an algebraically closed field containing which is complete with respect to an absolute value . We prove that under suitable constraints on the coefficients, the series converges to a surjective, open, continuous -linear homomorphism whose kernel is locally compact. We characterize the locally compact sub--vector spaces of which occur as kernels of such series, and describe the extent to which determines the series. We develop a theory of Newton polygons for these series which lets us compute the Haar measure of the set of zeros of of a given valuation, given the valuations of the coefficients. The ``adjoint' series converges everywhere if and only if does, and in this case there is a natural bilinear pairing

which exhibits as the Pontryagin dual of . Many of these results extend to non-linear fractional power series. We apply these results to construct a Drinfeld module analogue of the Weil pairing, and to describe the topological module structure of the kernel of the adjoint exponential of a Drinfeld module.

     

Sensitivity analysis of the greatest eigenvalue of a symmetric matrix via the ɛ-subdifferential of the associated convex quadratic form

LetA(·) be ann × n symmetric affine matrix-valued function of a parameteruR ^m , and let (u) be the greatest eigenvalue ofA(u). Recently, there has been interest in calculating (u), the subdifferential of atu, which is useful for both the construction of efficient algorithms for the minimization of (u) and the sensitivity analysis of (u), namely, the perturbation theory of (u). In this paper, more generally, we investigate the Legendre-Fenchel conjugate function of (·) and the -subdifferential (u) of atu. Then, we discuss relations between the set (u) and some perturbation bounds for (u).The author is deeply indebted to Professor J. B. Hiriart-Urruty who suggested this study and provided helpful advice and constant encouragement. The author also thanks the referees and the editors for their substantial help in the improvement of this paper.     

Constrained minimax approximation and optimal preconditioned for Toeplitz matrices

A good preconditioner is extremely important in order for the conjugate gradients method to converge quickly. In the case of Toeplitz matrices, a number of recent studies were made to relate approximation of functions to good preconditioners. In this paper, we present a new result relating the quality of the Toeplitz preconditionerC for the Toeplitz matrixT to the Chebyshev norm (f– g)/f, wheref and g are the generating functions forT andC, respectively. In particular, the construction of band-Toeplitz preconditioners becomes a linear minimax approximation problem. The case whenf has zeros (but is nonnegative) is especially interesting and the corresponding approximation problem becomes constrained. We show how the Remez algorithm can be modified to handle the constraints. Numerical experiments confirming the theoretical results are presented.     

Design, Synthesis and Investigation of Bone Affinity of the Conjugates of 5-Fluorouracil and Hydroxybisphosphonate

Bone tumor, as a common disease, is treated by surgical resection, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Chemotherapy is one of the most important treatment, however, a major problem of chemotherapy is lack of selectivity of cytotoxic drugs. Although many attempts have been made to increase the selectivity of therapeutic drugs for the bone diseases, such as osteoporosis, paget’s, hypercalcemia and bone metastases by conjugating them with targeting carriers1-4, there are still no bone-targeting agent…